In a significant development, Israeli ground forces have taken control of the Gaza side of the Rafah border crossing with Egypt. This crucial entry point has been a lifeline for humanitarian aid into the Palestinian enclave. Let’s delve into the history and context of this border crossing:
Historical Background:
The Rafah Border Crossing has a complex history. Initially, an Ottoman-British border agreement in 1906 established a boundary from Taba to Rafah. However, subsequent conflicts and territorial changes significantly impacted the region. After the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, Gaza came under Egyptian control, and the Gaza-Egypt border ceased to exist. But in the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel captured both the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula, making them occupied territories. In 1979, Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty that returned the Sinai (which borders Gaza) to Egyptian control. As part of this treaty, a buffer zone called the PhiladelphiA Route was established between Gaza and Egypt, running across the city of Rafah.
Israel’s Withdrawal and Hamas’ Takeover:
In 2005, Israel withdrew its troops and settlers from Gaza, including the Rafah area. This withdrawal marked a significant shift in control. Two years later, Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip, further shaping the dynamics of the Rafah crossing.
Current Situation:
The Rafah Border Crossing remains the sole point of entry between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. Although Egypt controls the crossing, imports through Rafah still require Israeli approval.
Operational Control:
The Israeli 401st Brigade entered the Rafah crossing early Tuesday morning, according to the Israeli military. They now hold “operational control” of this vital crossing. The Rafah border crossing serves as the main route for aid entering the besieged Gaza Strip and an exit for those seeking refuge in Egypt.
Humanitarian Impact:
More than a million people are currently sheltering in tents and overcrowded apartments in Rafah after fleeing Israel’s military offensive in other parts of the Gaza Strip. The crossing is essential for aid supplies, and its control has significant implications for civilians in the region.
Last Stronghold:
Israel views Rafah as Hamas’ last stronghold. However, the United States opposes a full-scale invasion of the city unless Israel provides a “credible” plan for protecting civilians there.